Histopathological Spectrum of Urinary Bladder Lesions in A Tertiary Level Hospital

Abstract

Aim: This study evaluates the histopathological spectrum of urinary bladder lesions, analyzing age and gender distribution, tumor grade, invasion status, and the correlation between tumor invasion depth and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) to assess prognostic significance. Introduction: Urinary bladder lesions, including both neoplastic and non- neoplastic conditions, contribute to significant morbidity, particularly in older adults. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common malignancy, with smoking and occupational exposures as major risk factors. Histopathological evaluation plays a crucial role in accurate diagnosis, tumor grading, and prognosis. Early detection and appropriate management strategies are essential for improving patient outcomes, emphasizing the importance of pathology in guiding clinical decision-making. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 60 bladder tumor cases diagnosed via TURBT and cystoscopic biopsies. Specimens
were processed, stained with H& E, and classified using the WHO grading system and TNM staging. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis to assess the relationship between tumor invasion depth and lymphovascular invasion (LVI), with significance set at p < 0.05.Results: Among 60 cases, 85% were male, with peak prevalence
in the 61-70 age group (35%). Invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma was the most common subtype (80%). High-grade tumors predominated (73.2%), and 85.7% showed invasion. A significant correlation (r = 0.65, p = 0.01) was found between tumor invasion depth and lymphovascular invasion (LVI), indicating a higher risk of metastasis in deeply invasive tumors. Conclusion: Bladder cancer primarily affects elderly males, with high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma being most common. Tumor invasion strongly correlates with lymphovascular invasion (LVI), highlighting the need for detailed histopathological evaluation. Accurate assessment improves prognosis and treatment planning, enabling early detection and targeted therapy for better patient management and outcomes.